Prostitution And Its Effect On Society Essay - 1630 Words

For a free society to keep violent crime to a minimum with little disturbance on individual liberty, government should, alongside prosecuting ‘victimless’ crimes, minimize the opportunity for the corrupt to create victims. Prostitution has been practiced in all ancient and modern cultures. In the United States, prostitution was originally widely legal. Prostitution was made illegal in almost all states between 1910 and 1915 due to the influence of the Woman s Christian Temperance Union which was influential in the banning of drug use and was a major force in the prohibition of alcohol. In 1917 the legally defined prostitution district Storyville in New Orleans was closed down by the Federal government over local objections. In Deadwood, South Dakota, prostitution, while technically illegal, was â€Å"tolerated by local residents and officials for decades until the last madam was brought down by state and federal authorities for tax evasion in 1980† (Weitzer). Pros titution remained legal in Alaska until 1953, and is still legal in some rural counties of Nevada, including areas outside of Las Vegas. Prostitution is the provision of sexual services for a negotiated payment between consenting adults. Prostitution is a service industry like any other in which people exchange services for money or other reward. No person s human or civil rights should be violated on the basis of their trade, occupation, work, calling or profession. Additionally, no law has ever succeeded inShow MoreRelatedProstitution And Its Effect On Society1552 Words   |  7 Pagesthe â€Å"victimless crime† of prostitution between consenting adults be free from governmental interference? To discover the answer to this question, I will be doing some research on this topic to further explicate on the situation at hand. The featured topics that will be discussed in this paper is the history of prostitution, a recognition of contrary positions, the passing of legislation in three U.S. jurisdictions pertaining to prostitution, three examples of prostitution enforcement, my opinion onRead MoreProstitution An d Its Effects On Society2159 Words   |  9 PagesIn the United States of America, prostitution is illegal in forty-nine of the fifty states. In most countries worldwide, prostitution is illegal. Despite this, prostitution is still active in every single state, and every single part of the world. Sex work plays a key role of the sexism in American, and worldwide cultures. The criminalization of prostitution has created an underworld of illegal activity, that has traumatic consequences on an estimated one million prostitutes. This criminalizing alsoRead MoreProstitution And Its Effect On Society886 Words   |  4 Pagescriminologist R. Barri Flowers. Prostitution is described as the act of having sexual intercourse in exchange of money or basically commerce of sex. People engaged in this type of activity are called prostitutes or simply sex workers. In today’s societies man and woman can both be sex workers although woman have been predominantly and pejoratively called prost itute. However, prostitution criminalization or decriminalization has been raising debates in many societies. One may argue that outlawing sexRead MoreProstitution And Its Effect On Society1648 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution, the practice of exchanging sexual acts for payment, is referred to as â€Å"most ancient profession in the world (Kipling, R. 1898) this practice is evident in every corner of the world, and dates back to before the invention of time. Despite its universality, the way that prostitution is perceived and dealt with differs drastically from culture to culture. While it is legal in some countries, it is considered punishable by death in others. In the United States those that perform and purchaseRead MoreLegal Prostitution And Its Effect On Society2259 Words   |  10 Pagesthink of how the oldest profession is being found as something of a harmful nature, which must be illegal. But legal prostitution is seen by a rather large number of individuals to have a negative effect on today s society. These are the people who are forcing women into illegal prostitution, which is far more destructive, due to many factors. The Webster dictionary defines prostitution as the business or practice of engaging in sexual relations in exchange for some other benefit. For as long back asRead MoreProstitution as a Form of Deviance Essay examples634 Words   |  3 PagesProstitution as a Form of Deviance In sociology, the term deviance refers to all violations of social rules, regardless of their seriousness (Essentials of Sociology 136). Deviance is an individual or organizational behavior that violates societal norms and is usually accompanied by negative reactions from others. According to a sociologist S. Becker, he stated that it is not the act itself that makes an action deviant, but rather how society reacts to it. A particular state of being thatRead MoreProstitution Can Benefit Society : The Legalization Of Prostitution950 Words   |  4 Pages Scroggs 1 Lydia Scroggs Professor Johnson English 101-44 October 24, 2017 Prostitution Can Benefit Society The legalization of prostitution has been a debatable topic over the years. There are differing viewpoints on the reasons for legalizing prostitution as well as the causes of legalizing prostitution. In the majority of the world today, there is a high level of demand for prostitutes as well as the services they render. BecauseRead MoreThe Worlds Oldest Profession1574 Words   |  7 Pagestaken into this terrible lifestyle. In today’s society, sex sells. There are many factors that are making sex a commodity that can be bought or sold. There is a quote that states â€Å"Prostitution is the world s oldest profession†. Some find this statement true but there are many advocates groups who are fighting to end this profession. In this paper we will explore the history, the business side, the players who are involve in the world of prostitution and how it is related to sex trafficking. AlsoRead MoreProstitution Is The World s Oldest Profession Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Prostitution is said to be the world’s oldest profession. It is, indeed, a model of all professional work; the worker relinquishes control over himself†¦ in exchange for money. Because of this passivity it entails, this is a difficult and, for many, a distasteful role.† (Szasz) Prostitution is accompanied with criminalization and the stigma of impurity and danger. â€Å"The National Task Force on P rostitution suggests that over one million people in the US have worked as prostitutes (3).† (Toth) ThroughRead MoreThe introduction of new technological advanced innovations and methods during the Market Revolution1700 Words   |  7 Pagesdeceived and moved from their motherland to work in unfavorable industries with prostitution as the most common jobs for these women. With the incessant growth of the prostitution, the act of participating in promiscuous copulation especially for money, theres an outgoing debate on whether prostitution should be legalized or illegalized. However, people fail to focus on the increasing amount of trafficking and child prostitution aroused by sex tourism. As the world interchanges knowledge, commodities,

Clinical Depression The Hopelessness Diaease - 1146 Words

The hopelessness disease, millions of Americans suffer from this disease. Everybody gets the blues now and then. Those feelings can be especially strong during times of stress or loss. Thats a normal part of life. After a while, the darkness lifts and things start to feel enjoyable again. Clinical depression has many affects, as the pain it causes in a person’s life, the physical affects, and these could lead to teen suicide. However, sometimes the sadness or loneliness persists, or gets worse, despite all attempts to snap out of it. Tears or anger come easily and the simplest tasks seem difficult. Such feelings can be signs of clinical depression, which is the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorder among teens and adults. If left†¦show more content†¦Stimulants: Coffee Cocaine Tea Chocolate Soft drinks Energy drinks Pain relievers Counter medications The one thing these stimulants have in common is Caffeine. The idea of self-mutilation seems strange to most people, but it is sometimes a way of expressing depression. Some reports indicate that depression can be linked to an increased level of irritation and aggression. No one knows how often tragic events are connected with depression. Be alert for emotional changes, such as: Feelings of sadness, which can include crying spells for no apparent reason Irritability, frustration or feelings of anger, even over small matters Loss of interest in, or conflict with, family and friends Feelings of self-blame or self-criticism Extreme sensitivity to rejection or failure, and the need for excessive reassurance Trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions and remembering things Ongoing sense that life and the future are grim and blank Frequent thoughts of death, dying or suicide When depression turns deadly Suicide is the most extreme manifestation of severe depression. Each year it takes the lives of more teens than all other illnesses combined. But, as with depression, a potentially suicidal person can be treated if correctly diagnosed. Far too often, though, suicidal teens do not get the help that can save their lives. â€Å"Who would miss me

An Inquiry to the Nature and Causes of the Influence of Adam Smith Free Essays

Many people, when asked what pops into their mind with the word economics, they mostly say â€Å"capitalism†. Indeed the field deals a lot with capitalism. In fact, the three great names mentioned in Heilbroner and Thurow (1982, 17)—Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and John Maynard Keynes—have capitalism as the base of their different ideologies; and it is in how they view capitalism that within economics, several school of thought sprouted, enabling the further development of the field. We will write a custom essay sample on An Inquiry to the Nature and Causes of the Influence of Adam Smith or any similar topic only for you Order Now The influence that Smith, Marx, and Keynes are incalculable: each inducing their own set of followers that continue polishing up their works long after they are gone, each idea continuing on as legacies, influencing political decisions all throughout the world. But for now, let us content ourselves with examining the influence of Adam Smith, the father of economics himself. In the opening statement of Adam Smith’s celebrated work, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Smith, Skinner, 1986), he wrote: â€Å"How selfish soever man may be supposed, there are evidently some principles in his nature, which interest him in the fortunes of others, and render their happiness necessary to him, though he derives nothing from it, except the pleasure of seeing it† (Smith, 1986). Back in Smith’s day, this statement, along with the ideas contained in the Wealth of Nations, raised many eyebrows. The book, a first-of-its-kind defense for the free-market and a direct attack to mercantilism, argues that the selfish motives of individuals does not necessarily lead to detriments; in fact it could actually benefit the society. It is based from this belief that he further postulated that the free market, though looking like unrestrained and chaotic, will be eventually guided to the right direction by the â€Å"Invisible Hand†, which in turn is guided by individual human motives that are most commonly selfishness and greed. It being termed as a free-market, Smith abhorred any kind of intervention coming from the government, believing that for the market to function efficiently, it should be left to work on its own—thus, the idea of laissez-faire (www.econlib.org). Smith also was a firm believer that it is labor, and not land that is essential in increasing production and thus highlights the importance (but also warns against the peril) of division of labor. Just how influential Smith’s ideas are can be readily seen in the field of Economics through the years and especially in this day and age: free markets have been made the ultimate goal of many a government of today; specialization has never been more stressed as a major strategy in production; capitalism is fast becoming the only model for economies today; and mercantilism have long disappeared in favor of Smith’s proposed free trade (although the degree of freedom in trade in some countries is a matter worth questioning). Selfishness and greed, although still contested by some groups, are still viewed in a much more positive light, and is justified in the field of economics so long as they serve the society’s over-all benefit. Several followers have also polished on the economist’s basic ideas, extending them to meet the different quirks that come up through time. Smith has been a household name for any person with at least average knowledge on economics; in fact he is ranked 30th in Michael Hart’s list of the most influential persons in history (1992). Also his portrait appears on the twenty pound note in UK. (Talk about influence that you cannot buy!) Greed that fosters growth and division that promotes efficiency. Once taken aside but now are lived and breathed and experienced worldwide. And as long as there are supporters who hang on to the basic tenets of the famous Adam Smith, the great economist’s legacy shall forever live on and endure. References Hart, M. (1992). The 100: A ranking of the most influential persons in history. Carol Publishing Group. Henderson, D. (2002). Biography of Adam Smith. Retrieved March 3, 2008, from Heilbroner, RL., Thurow, LC. (1982). â€Å"Three Great Economists†. Economics explained. Prentice-Hall. p.17. Smith, A., Skinner, A (Ed). (1986). An inquiry to the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Penguin Classics. How to cite An Inquiry to the Nature and Causes of the Influence of Adam Smith, Essay examples

Margaret Thatcher free essay sample

She led from the heart and embodied an ideological world view that shaped every decision she made. Her â€Å"Thatcherism† was rooted in her belief about the kind of leadership needed to save her country from economic collapse and preserve the freedoms she saw as fundamental to the British people. During years of immense challenge, she served as both captain and rudder, steering and steadying the ship of state on the course she saw as vital to the good of the whole. She saw through the smoke of internal conflict to what she believed to be the essential greatness of Great Britain: â€Å"There is no such thing as society,† she famously said. â€Å"There are individual men and women, and there are families. † Certainly, her â€Å"lead from the heart† approach created fast friends and fierce foes. About as many people loved her as hated her for her decisions and policies. Still, she had the courage not to be liked, but rather to be respected in what she thought was right. She brought more of her supporters into the Cabinet and lead the country to war against Argentina in the Falkland Islands.In 1983, the Conservative Party won the election again by a huge majority – this was helped by a divided opposition. During her term, the government policies adhered to an extreme programme including:Privatisation and deregulationTax cutsThe introduction of market mechanisms into health and educationThe target of this was to decrease the governments position and increase the self-sufficiency of individuals. However, these were very controversial, as some of her policies, such as the closed of certain mines lead to increased unemployment rates and other repercussions.She also became well-known around the world due to her friendship with Ronald Reagan. She also was praised by Gorbachev, the Soviet leader of the Communist Party, despite Thatcher being opposed to communism.Despite Thatcher campaigning for the UK to remain in the European Community in 1975, by the end of her time in office she was increasingly anti-EU, believing that Brussels held to much power. This, along with the matter of the poll tax, was one of the key issues that led to divisions in parliament, eventually leading to her downfall as prime minister. Her long-serving Foreign Secretary resigned in November 1990 in protest to her attitudes.In the 1990 election, Michael Heseltine, her opposition, while failing to win, gained 152 votes showing that a small but important minority wanted change. Thatcher didnt go forward to the second ballot.In 1992, she left the House of Commons and was given a life peerage meaning she was accepted into the House of Lords.She was appointed as Lady Companion of the Order of the Garter in 1995, the highest order of Chivalry in the UK.She has written two memoirs called The Downing Street Years and The Path to Power. On 8 April 2013, Thatcher died at The Ritz Hotel in London, due to a stroke. Her funeral took place at St. Pauls Cathedral.Good QualitiesResilience and refusal to failMargaret Thatcher was resilient throughout her time in office but also throughout her career. Even nowadays only 29% of MPs are female, however, when Thatcher was first elected as Prime Minister, only 3% of the MPs in the House of Commons were women. Despite people who wouldnt have trusted her or who wouldnt have believed she could run a country because she was women, and the statistics being against her, she managed to become the first female Prime Minister in the UK, due to her resilience and refusal to fail. She also faced much opposition when in power, however, she persevered. PrincipledDue to being taught the importance of self-help, charitable work and personal genuineness in her childhood, she knew what her core values were, and this helped her throughout her career as she knew what she stood for and what her political beliefs were. This would have made her seem more trustworthy as at least people would have known what she stood for and knew that she wouldnt constantly change her core values and beliefs.Embracing changeAlthough people argue tirelessly about whether Margaret Thatcher changed Britain for the better or the worse, there is no doubt that she changed Britain. She saw a Britain that she didnt like, and she changed it, despite not knowing what could come as a result of that. She took a big risk when she privatized and deregulated some of the once-largest industries in the UK. However, she believed it was a necessary action and had the willpower to do it despite the opposition she would have faced. Thatcher had the foresight to see where the cou ntry was headed and believed that a change was necessary, shaping the modern economy by decreasing jobs in the secondary industry and increasing the countries dependency on the tertiary sector. This is shown by the size of each sector nowadays, with 74% of jobs in the tertiary sector and only about 15% of jobs in the secondary sector.Strong belief in her countryMargaret Thatcher strongly believed in the potential of her country and encouraged it to be more independent. During her time in office, she led the country through many drastic changes, and while these were often controversial, she made them because she believed that her country could handle them and become better. It was also the reason that she had issues with the amount of power that Brussels had over the UK. Although this faith was a positive trait, it had certain negative connotations especially at a time when the world was becoming increasingly globalised.Many people have said that Margaret Thatchers strengths were also her weaknesses. Her resilience went hand in hand with her being stubborn. Although she had a strong belief in her country, this led her to demise as Prime Minister as her anti-EU attitude led to divisions in the government. She fought to change Britain and its economy leading to a sharp increase in unemployment, due to closure of many Britains secondary industries, such the steelwork and coal industry.Bad QualitiesStubbornOften branded as a control freak, Margaret Thatcher was stubborn and uncompromising. She was reluctant to consider other opinions and would never back down on the things that she believed were best, even when it led to her downfall. She refused to change her view or even compromise on a new system of local taxation named the poll tax. Although she was advised that her measure would cause her damage by key cabinet ministers, she continued onward despite such strong backlash. This, however, was greeted with violent protests and her plummeting approval rate. Therefore, when the next election was held at the end of the year, she didnt get re-elected. Although the stubborn attitude that Thatcher had also worked to her advantage, giving her the courage and resilience to make many radical changes arguably helped the country in the long term, it also made her dislikeable and close-minded. Although, without this stubborn streak, Thatcher may have been more liked and respected as she left office, would she have changed the UK in the way that she did?CallousEven Margaret Thatchers biggest supporters would probably agree that some of the policies she introduced didnt benefit everyone. One of the notable things that Thatcher did during her in office was the shutting down of coal and steel production in the UK. However, this caused high unemployment, especially in northern England where whole villages and towns relied on mining and manufacturing industries.Bibliographyhttp://www.history.com/topics/british-history/margaret-thatcherhttps://www.gov.u k/government/history/past-prime-ministers/margaret-thatcher

Only Daughter Essay Example

ï » ¿Only Daughter Essay What we dream about and wish to be is motivated by a series of life experiences. Some experiences may be pleasant and encouraging while others are painful and discouraging, but overall it is our decision to make them our motivation or our downfall. Both Sherman Alexie and Sandra Cisneros establish who they are and why they are who they are in very different ways. Details make both stories come to life and relatable to an array of readers. Sherman and Sandra are writers who rose from their desire to prove skeptics wrong. Sandra was motivated by her yearning to make an impression on her father and Sherman wanted to break through the idea that Indians are stupid. Both writers are now writers because no one believed they could be writers. Sandra Cisneros makes her story vivid through her diction. She writes in Spanish phrases commonly heard in her household, which allows the reader to feel as if he/she lived with her and relate to moments where their native language made home feel that much more special. Also, the spanish phrases allow the readers to reminiscence about phrases their parents frequently used. Sandra also uses the structure of the essay to parallel her growth and maturity as an individual. Her essay starts with her perception as a child and ends with her reflection as an adult. She uses short sentences to describe her father’s nostalgia and much longer sentences for the process it takes to get everything back to how it was before moving. Additionally, Sandra frequently uses short phrases to reassure herself that her father’s actions and words weren’t based on her character but on innocent mistakes he made when trying to speak English. The length of her sentences is proportional to the time each event lasts. While her father’s nostalgia is brief its aftermath is much longer. Sandra starts her essay with one sentence describing who she thought herself to be and ends her essay with one question her father asks making her hard work completely pay off. Sandra demonstrates throughout her essay that simple sentences or questions can have a more profound meaning because of the events leading up to them. We will write a custom essay sample on ï » ¿Only Daughter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on ï » ¿Only Daughter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on ï » ¿Only Daughter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer ï » ¿Only Daughter Essay Example ï » ¿Only Daughter Essay What we dream about and wish to be is motivated by a series of life experiences. Some experiences may be pleasant and encouraging while others are painful and discouraging, but overall it is our decision to make them our motivation or our downfall. Both Sherman Alexie and Sandra Cisneros establish who they are and why they are who they are in very different ways. Details make both stories come to life and relatable to an array of readers. Sherman and Sandra are writers who rose from their desire to prove skeptics wrong. Sandra was motivated by her yearning to make an impression on her father and Sherman wanted to break through the idea that Indians are stupid. Both writers are now writers because no one believed they could be writers. Sandra Cisneros makes her story vivid through her diction. She writes in Spanish phrases commonly heard in her household, which allows the reader to feel as if he/she lived with her and relate to moments where their native language made home feel that much more special. Also, the spanish phrases allow the readers to reminiscence about phrases their parents frequently used. Sandra also uses the structure of the essay to parallel her growth and maturity as an individual. Her essay starts with her perception as a child and ends with her reflection as an adult. She uses short sentences to describe her father’s nostalgia and much longer sentences for the process it takes to get everything back to how it was before moving. Additionally, Sandra frequently uses short phrases to reassure herself that her father’s actions and words weren’t based on her character but on innocent mistakes he made when trying to speak English. The length of her sentences is proportional to the time each event lasts. While her father’s nostalgia is brief its aftermath is much longer. Sandra starts her essay with one sentence describing who she thought herself to be and ends her essay with one question her father asks making her hard work completely pay off. Sandra demonstrates throughout her essay that simple sentences or questions can have a more profound meaning because of the events leading up to them. We will write a custom essay sample on ï » ¿Only Daughter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on ï » ¿Only Daughter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on ï » ¿Only Daughter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

A Seperate Peace- Finny&Gene essays

A Seperate Peace- Finny&Gene essays The line between friendship and hatred can sometimes be very unclear. Where exactly does one cross over this line? Could it possibly be when one discovers envy within himself for his friend, or is it when he begins to wish he is somewhere other then where he is? In the novel A Separate Peace by John Knowles, the friendship line between Finny and Gene is extremely unclear. What would cause ones best friend to jounce a tree limb in hopes the other would be harmed? To understand the relationship of Finny and Gene you must analyze their backgrounds. The narrator of the novel, Gene Forrester, is a grown man who returns to the Devon School and recollects his years spent there. During the duration of the novel Gene is around 16 years old, he is thoughtful, intelligent, with a tendency to brood. Gene is extremely competitive with a sarcastic sense of humor. He often shuns overt displays of emotion, much like most students at Devon. Genes best friend is Finny(Phineas). Finny is perfect in almost every way. He is honest, handsome, self confident, utterly disarming, extremely likable, as well as the best athlete in the entire school. Finny lives for moments of pure, unrestrained friendship, and his strong sense of loyalty extends to any group of which he is a member. He strives to be rebellious, making even the sternness proponents indulge in anarchical bliss with him. Now understanding the identity of Gene and Finny you can begin to analyze their friendship. The two characters both have their own strong and week qualities. Gene is smart and an average athlete, while Finny is an excellent athlete but a below average student. In a situation such as this, one may begin to get jealous of the others gifts. In the novel Gene realizes that Finny is extremely envious of his gifts and tries many different ways to ruin Gene. For example Finny drags Gene to the coast, keeping him up all night, ca ...

Charles Mingus

Charles Minus Charles Minus is a very important and influential name in Jazz; however he is left out by many historians when talking about the history of Jazz. The main reason he is left out by so many historians, Mark Griddle in particular, is because of his attitude and ego. He Is clearly not the most pleasant person, and he surely does not display how a real Jazz musician should act, at least according to most historians.The way he acts during performances can be quite startling at first, If you are not familiar with is ways and methods of playing. For example, he was known for using profanity during performances, either geared at the audience if they were being too loud or the sound operators if the sound wasnt up to Minings expectations. That being said, Minus Is a great musician, and Just because he doesnt display the best of etiquettes while performing, doesnt mean he should be left out of the history books. Minus also has a very long list of accomplishments In his life. As a growing musician, he was most inspired by Duke Longtime, and he even got the chance to play side him at one point, even if only for a very short amount of time (Due to his demanding and not very pleasant attitude). Not only was Minus a very accomplished bassist, but he also went on to be one of the best and most known band leaders and composers in all of Jazz, with such an enormous amount of variety in his music.That being said, the only real reason historians have for choosing to exempt him from Jazz history books was because of the way he acted. If I were to alter Mark Griddles Concise Guide Tacoma, I would include Charles Minus in chapter 8, Hard Bop. Although Minings styles vary so much that it is hard to place him into one chapter, I feel like this chapter includes the most variance to do so in such an acceptable and correct way.This chapter includes many jazz sounds that spin off of many of the cool styles, as well as bop, bebop, hard bop, funky Jazz, mainstream, post-bop, and soul Jazz. These are all elements that Minus has displayed at one time or another during either his composing or bassist career. Another chapter I would also include him in would be Chapter 5, How Swing Differs from Early Jazz. I would include Minus in this chapter as well because it talks so much of his most influential Jazz artist, and at one point fellow band mate, Duke Longtime.I feel like Minus truly does have enough variance in his music to help point out and draw the flee line between early Jazz and the newer swing Jazz. The mall differences between these two categories of Jazz are that In early Jazz, you were a lot less likely to have the big ban d feel to the music, and soloist played a more important role in early Jazz, whereas in the swing era, you were introduced to more FAA variety of instruments as well as new techniques on how to play them. Minus puts out good examples and songs/performances that clearly display how things transitioned from early Jazz to swing, and then onto other evolutions of jazz as well. After learning and hearing many of Charles Minings music, I definitely feel It Is book writers to come take note of Minings accomplishments, and start to include him in the history books right up there with Duke Longtime, Miles Davis, and Louis Armstrong. It is only fair to him and his fellow band mates, however, only time will tell.

Popular press Article (cloud computing for E-learning) Essay

Popular press Article (cloud computing for E-learning) - Essay Example There are several categories of cloud computing. The first one is where the public get to sell their services freely on the internet, which is, referred public cloud. Amazon and Google are the largest public cloud computing service providers where users from the public domain can access. Private cloud is a characteristic where the organization offering cloud computing services host their resources with limited access from the public. A virtual cloud is where the public cloud is created to be private. Scalable and easy IT services and computing resource are the main aim of cloud computing regardless of the characteristics of the cloud services. Amazon provides virtual server instance API, which is an example of Infrastructure-as-a-Service as a Web Service. Amazon provides virtual servers and storage space for their clients. Amazon calls its Cloud model service as Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2). This service is across several Operating system vendor versions such as Linux, Solaris and Window Operating system. Web development application is another form of cloud computing. Google is offering hardware services where developers upload their Python codes then they run the application. Cloud computing is compared to utility services such as electricity and water hence referred to utility computing. PaaS is a service offered in terms of software and product tools that are provided by the host company. Software are installed in a client machine via the web portal or a gateway. GoogleApps and Salesforce.com (Force.com) are an example of Platform-as-a-service. The standards for data exchange and standards for data portability currently some developers are still protecting their software and platform. The software-as-a-service in cloud computing is a model where the software product and the client interact via the front-end portal such as a

Status of Recruitment in UK Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Status of Recruitment in UK - Research Proposal Example This will also give the employers the idea on the satisfaction level of their employees in terms of their policies, salaries and benefits, and professional growth. This will give the employer ideas on what to improve more to satisfy the needs and expectations of their employees. This study will employ the descriptive method using questionnaire as the main data-gathering tool. The questionnaire will be composed of two, first is for the employers and the other is for the employees. The questionnaire for the employees will use a Likert scale for the responses of the employees. The questionnaire will be floated personally by the researcher. In terms of analysis, the gathered data will be treated statistically. The frequency counts, percentage and graphical presentation techniques will be employed. The weighted mean will also be employed to determine the satisfaction level of the employees. To test the hypotheses, the chi-square test of independence will be utilized. This test will try to evaluate if two variables affect one another (Pagoso and Montana, 1993). The alpha level will be .05. The formula to use is: Where: Oi = observed frequency; Ei = an expected (theoretical) frequency; and n = the number of possible outcomes of each event. Reference: Pagoso and Montana (1993) Introductory Statistics Rex Bookstore Manila,

Consumer Buying Behavior Comparison in Marketing Strategies Essay Example for Free

Consumer Buying Behavior Comparison in Marketing Strategies Essay In order to help creating new offerings, improving communication, organizing delivery and, eventually, increasing the sale. It is important to understand the consumer buying behavior from situational, personality and social aspects. This paper will briefly discuss the marketing strategies of two giant retail department stores, Walmart and Macy’s, in terms of customer buying behaviors. Macy’s atmospheric settings provide strong stimuli for its customers. First, every season, Macy’s puts up different window showcases to demonstrate its classic and artistic tastes. Also, different ambient colors are used in its shopping environment. These seasonal changes should be able to boost the sale of the fashion apparel. Secondly, Macy’s decorates different themes for different holidays, such as Easter, Mother’s day, Halloween, Christmas, etc. the gift shopping behaviors are likely induced by these themes. Thirdly, Macy’s always plays a comfort and light background music, customers would spend more time into shopping with a good mood as the text points out:† People’s moods temporarily affect their spending patterns† (Tanner, J., Raymond, M. Schuster, C, 2001) On the other hand, it seems that Walmart pays a lot of attention to the shoppers’ personality factors. First, Walmart concentrates on the idea of â€Å"money saving†. Walking into a Walmart, the â€Å"Rollback† tags with two comparing prices are everywhere. The economical shoppers would compare more on the prices. Secondly, customers who prefer one stop shopping might find that Walmart, with its stock of food, toy, auto parts, etc, is more convenient than other shopping centers. Thirdly, Walmart shelves â€Å"as seen on TV† items and dollar items along the cashier to affect the shopping decisions. While waiting in the checkout line, customers are likely to pick up these items as they are categorized as low-involvement products. Moreover, social factors are also well considered by these two retail giants. In terms of social class, Macy’s focuses more on the middle-class families whereas Walmart targets on the customers with standard income. Wal-Mart exclusives have a mean household income of about $57K (Scarborough Research, 2005). Also, the products, Walmart is selling, represent the main stream of a geographical culture whereas Macy’s might satisfy some groups with special subculture interests such as high-end golf clubs or perfumes. In sum, consumer buying behavior is a very important element in the marketing strategies of a company. Situational, personality and social factors will influence the consumer buying behavior dramatically.

Managing Personal Finances Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays Fi

Managing Personal Finances Managing personal finances is an important skill to acquire. However, no where in school is this subject taught. As a result of a lack of preparation, our society is subject to a high percentage of people who lack financial success. Those who are successful at managing their personal finances will find that they are successful in many other areas as well. To learn how to manage personal finances there are books and web sites that provide a step by step guide to successfully managing personal finances. Those who lack financial success often possess many of the same traits. The first reason most people lack financial success is because they lack knowledge, or better yet, a desire to gain knowledge. If a person is not interested in learning how to manage their personal finances, then it is unlikely that they will become successful in doing so. Don’t procrastinate! Successful people get things done early; they are the first to turn things in, and the first to see results. There is no time like the present, so make the most of every day. If a person has not learned how to manage their time, they are also likely to lack financial success. Time that is spent doing nothing, only takes time away from which you can be doing something to improve yourself and your financial status. Also, people who lack financial success, have a lack of foresight. Achievers can look beyond the immediate and into the future. It is important to weigh t...

American Red Cross- Basic History/Overview

Basic History/Overview: The American Red Cross is a non-profit organization supported solely off of financial donations and volunteers (community). Red Cross mission is to â€Å"provide relief to victims to victims of disasters and help people prevent, prepare for, and respond to emergencies. Red Cross was founded in 1881 by Clara Barton. Who was inspired by the Red Cross during the Prussian War. She first implemented what she had experience over in Europe in the U. S. during the Spanish American War in the 1898. The Red Cross joins more than 175 other national societies in providing aid to those in need across the world. The American Red Cross follows seven bylaws: humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary service, unity and universalities. Today the Red Cross have over a half million volunteers and 35,000 employees. The President of United States is the honorary chairman of the Red Cross and appoints the eight governs. In recent history American Red Cross had had its share of troubles which stated at the top of the executive tree and has seen several top resignations in the last decade. Ethical Issues/Key Facts: Red Cross main issues were around mismanagement of funds and donations to the Red Cross. †¢ In 2001 the American Red Cross ousted Elizabeth Dole, due to the fact of slow responses to 9-11 attacks. This started the Era of host of top executive failures and the doors kept revolving every few years with new presidents. Resignations varied anywhere from slow responses to mismanagement, lack of communication to misconduct with financial funds. †¢ After 9-11 the Red Cross had established a fund for those impacted by the incident. Red Cross received over $500 million dollars in pledges but only contributed a 1/3 of those funds to the 9-11 relief efforts. This sparked an ethical issue with ARC as far as monetary donation mismanagement. †¢ Hurricane Katrina sparked another issue for ARC. Again had ARC received over $2 billion dollars in donations and the public scrutinize as what was done with that money. These responses were the outcome of fraudulent and inefficient decisions. †¢ Red Cross downfalls continuously tend to be around monetary donations and the management of those funds. Questions: 1. I think the biggest problem are those at the top and how they are giving severance upon getting fired or resigning due to fraudulent activities of mismanagement of funds. This sends out a message to employees that it’s ok if you at the top of the chain and take money from us (ARC) we will still compensate you at the end. ARC needs to regain it trust in the community and communicate with the public as to how funds are distributed and the manner they are distributed in. 2. Some of the problems that ARC encountered with handling donations was that the monies that were donated where not allocated according to that particular disaster. Initially triggering this was 9-11, the public was outraged. The ARC would create funds, for example the Liberty fund for 9-11, however only gave one-third of it to relief efforts. People gave these donations with intentions that ARC would use the monies for the victims and their families. Another issues was the slow response time with Hurricane Katrina and it’s relief fund. . The ARC has many issues as listed in the case from executive compensation, employee misconduct, considering all stakeholders and slow response time. But I think the overall reasoning is once again at the top with poor decision making, improper leadership skills and inadequate use of donations. And I think in order for ARC to avoid these issues they need to â€Å"clean house† and train corporate managers and volunteers, not to mention dev elop a process for better communication through out organization in time of disaster needs. . I think that organizational structure has a great effect on ARC ethical issues, because it goes hand and hand with compensation and communication. I think the ARC can be revamped organizationally from the top to the bottom and this would eliminate the biggest ethical issue ARC has, which is mismanagement of donations. I also think that ARC has more Chiefs then Indians. Meaning that ARC has to many people at the top, with little leadership skills and poor business tactics.

Kellogg’s Marketing

Phase 1 Company’s Market Planning Colorado Technical University MKT210-1301B-07 Fundamentals of Marketing Lou Piermatteo February 25, 2013 Frosted Mini-Wheat’s The product I have chosen is Frosted mini-wheat. Frosted mini-wheat is one of the number one products of breakfast food. Frosted mini-wheat was first launched on the east coast in 1961. In 1961 Frosted mini-wheat’s was nationally debuted making mornings shine from sea to shining sea. Frosted mini-wheat is made of whole-grain fiber to keep you at your best all morning long. We will be discussing the market strategy and mission goals of Kellogg’s frosted mini-wheat.Kellogg’s and frosted mini wheat’s take pride in helping people stay healthy and in fit. Company’s Mission Statement Frosted mini-wheat’s mission statement or jingle is â€Å" Keeps’em full and focused† (Kellogg’s 2012). Frosted mini-wheat’s is a big breakfast in a little biscuit. Kell ogg’s believes that every morning should start with a healthy breakfast. Kellogg’s frosted mini-wheat’s has commercials all over the television today. They are ranked number 17 in television advertising. Frosted mini-wheat’s is one of the top cereal marketers; they market directly to the parent’s and not the children.The television commercial’s target children to get them to eat a more healthy breakfast to get their day started. Kellogg’s frosted mini-wheat’s is packed with fiber and almost a full days’ worth of gains to keep you full all morning(Kellogg’s 2012). Kellogg is a Global Company Committed to Building Long-Term Growth In Volume and Profit and to Enhancing its Worldwide Leadership Position by Providing Nutritious Food Products of Superior Value Company’s Business and Marketing objective and goalsKellogg’s is focused on enriching and delighting the world though foods and brands that matter. They are nourishing families so they can thrive and flourish. Kellogg’s is a company of possibilities and promises of people and their well-being. Today nutrition continues to be the core of our business. And cereal is an integral part of how we can help to meet the nutritional needs of people all over the world (Kellogg’s 2012). Kellogg’s believes in integrity, accountability, passion, humility, simplicity, and results.The more the company can do for the community the more people will want to buy their products. (Kellogg2012). What is the Company’s position in the Marketplace and it’s Differentiation Strategies? Kellogg’s is ranked number three is marketing facts from 2009 reports. They use television and internet marketing for their advertising. In February 2012, Kellogg’s introduced 2 dozen new products. They expected 15% of 2012 global sales from products introduced in the previous three years. Kellogg’s is commitment to pr oduct innovation has brands that consumers know and love (surperformance 2013).Kellogg’s financial highlights of 2011 show increases over the past five years. The net sales were up 4%, operation profit up by 2%, and the net earnings per share were up by 6%. Kellogg’s net sales for 2011 were $13. 2 billion dollars (Kellogg’s annual report 2011). The 2011 report shows the progress and future direction in four key areas; Marketplace, workplace, environment, and the community. Kellogg’s is dedicated to help the community. In February 2013, Kellogg’s pledged to provide one-half billion servings of breakfast to children and families who need it the most.They are the number one cereal company in the U. S. Kellogg has pledged $1 million in grants in the U. S. to nonprofit partners Action for Healthy Kids ®, Share Our Strength's No Kid Hungry ® campaign and Food Research and Action Center so that more schools can participate in federally-funded breakfas t programs. The company will also work to expand breakfast programs around the globe, maximizing product donations and advocating for the important role breakfast plays in the diet. (Kellogg2012).Control 42% of global market share for Pre-sweeter cereal, which is more than triple the market share of any of their competitors. They have the strongest brand recognition and advertising recollection of all the cereal manufacturers (Kellogg2012). Kellogg’s is a very passionate company. They look out for their customers just as much as their employee’s. The more a company does for the community the more people will buy their products. Frosted mini-wheat’s is a cereal that Kellogg’s has promoted and made a number one cereal.There are many different kinds of frosted mini wheat’s to keep up with the changes and taste of people today. Frosted mini wheat’s are a nutrition and healthy breakfast for everyone. They're packed with fiber! That's what makes w hole grains so terrific. Starting your day with one bowl of Frosted Mini-Wheat’s ® cereal delivers 24% of the daily value of dietary fiber for adults. That's 3 times the fiber compared to Honey Nut Cheerios. (Kelloggs2012). Kellogg maintained its previously provided outlook for 2013.For 2013, Kellogg expects net sales growth to be approximately 7%, while reported earnings (excluding impact of mark-to-market adjustments but including Pringles integration costs) are expected to grow between 5% and 7%. Reported operating profit ((excluding impact of mark-to-market adjustments) is expected to increase at a higher rate than earnings growth (Zacks2013). References www. 4-traders. com/kellogg-company. com www. kelloggcompany. com www. kelloggcompany2011annualreport. com http://sg. finance. yahoo. com/news/kellogg-beats-overall-keeps-2013-181621345. html www. frostedminiwheats. com www. sbaweb. wayne. edu/~ssasser/pp29. ppt

Free Essays on Philip Morris Web Site

Philip Morris USA (www.philipmorrisusa.com) is a business whose goal is to manufacture and market the best quality of tobacco products to the adults that use them. Their website has some very useful information regarding product facts, health issues, responsible marketing, and polices, practices, and positions. The website also discusses the company’s mission and values and also ways to contact them for customer service purposes. The website was developed to discuss their programs and issues and was not designed as an advertising mechanism. Phillip Morris USA begins by talking about the Product Facts. There are many brands which are a part of Philip Morris which include Marlboro, Virginia Slims, Benson & Hedges, Parliament, Alpine, and others. The product facts section provides information on ingredients in cigarettes, tar and nicotine numbers, and how they manufacture their products. Tobacco is the main ingredient in every brand of cigarette they manufacture. The typical cigarette actually contains approximately 90% tobacco in the filler portion of the cigarette. PM USA supports the fact that the government should review the use of ingredients in cigarettes, just like any other consumer product. They also believe that the FDA should be in a position to regulate do or do not increase the existing health risks of smoking, including addiction. Furthermore, the Product Facts section discusses the tar and nicotine numbers. Since no two smokers smoke the exact same way, these numbers are an approximation to how much tar and nicotine one takes in on each â€Å"puff†. These numbers are obtained by a machine in a laboratory setting and may vary considerably depending on how you smoke the cigarette. Because of this wide variation, one should not consider lights or ultra- lights to be safer than other types. In general, the more intensely the smoker inhales the cigarette, the more nicotine and tar he or she will inhale. In c... Free Essays on Philip Morris Web Site Free Essays on Philip Morris Web Site Philip Morris USA (www.philipmorrisusa.com) is a business whose goal is to manufacture and market the best quality of tobacco products to the adults that use them. Their website has some very useful information regarding product facts, health issues, responsible marketing, and polices, practices, and positions. The website also discusses the company’s mission and values and also ways to contact them for customer service purposes. The website was developed to discuss their programs and issues and was not designed as an advertising mechanism. Phillip Morris USA begins by talking about the Product Facts. There are many brands which are a part of Philip Morris which include Marlboro, Virginia Slims, Benson & Hedges, Parliament, Alpine, and others. The product facts section provides information on ingredients in cigarettes, tar and nicotine numbers, and how they manufacture their products. Tobacco is the main ingredient in every brand of cigarette they manufacture. The typical cigarette actually contains approximately 90% tobacco in the filler portion of the cigarette. PM USA supports the fact that the government should review the use of ingredients in cigarettes, just like any other consumer product. They also believe that the FDA should be in a position to regulate do or do not increase the existing health risks of smoking, including addiction. Furthermore, the Product Facts section discusses the tar and nicotine numbers. Since no two smokers smoke the exact same way, these numbers are an approximation to how much tar and nicotine one takes in on each â€Å"puff†. These numbers are obtained by a machine in a laboratory setting and may vary considerably depending on how you smoke the cigarette. Because of this wide variation, one should not consider lights or ultra- lights to be safer than other types. In general, the more intensely the smoker inhales the cigarette, the more nicotine and tar he or she will inhale. In c...

Jurisprudence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Jurisprudence - Essay Example The people affected in the new legislations include ethnic minority groups which in turn undermines civil liberties and the basic human rights of the individuals involved. In 2000, counter terror laws were passed which had serious drawbacks in relation to human rights. Some of the laws passed included indefinite detention without fair trial of any foreign nationals who by any reason were considered to have an involvement in terror activities. Another one included up to sixteen hours of house arrest without charge to individuals who the security organs considered a threat as far as terrorism was considered. Pre-charge detention which was passed into law at that time also allowed a fourteen day detention of individuals in terrorism cases which compared to any law was the longest in detention of individuals before trial. The Terrorism Act 2000 had many contentious sections especially the one which was later repealed that allowed stop and search on individuals without suspecting them. The laws set were found to be infringing on the rights of peaceful protestors and ethnic minority groups which should be allowed to hold their demonstrations in peace. The definition of terrorism in counter terror laws which includes individuals with religious, racial, or political cause that may be viewed as having or causing individuals to become radicals. For instance, the Islamic religion has been related to terror activities due to the involvement of some individuals found to be Muslims in terror activities. In countering terrorism, the speeches made by individuals that are purported to support terrorism were considered to be part of terrorism. This broad definition of terrorism have been found to be wrong since there are no strict measures put in place to categorize a piece of information as supporting terror. This could lead to some people being considered criminals due to the speeches they

Ancient Greek political thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ancient Greek political thought - Essay Example Through the said goal to achieve goodness and happiness, one of the main concerns is the subjectivity of the views of the people. One’s goal can be another human beings greatest fear. An achievement can be good for a person but not a source of happiness for another (Aristotle Book 1 Chapter 1). Due to the said view and the attempt to explore ethical issues, Aristotle found it fitting to search for the way by which human beings can achieve common happiness thus the need for synchronization and harmony in their actions and activities. To be able to achieve such goal, Aristotle expressed the need for politics. According to him, if every person is aiming for the happiness based on his own perspective, there will come a point wherein his happiness would be hindered by the fact that another person’s goals are prohibiting such occurrence. In such scenario, conflict can be considered inevitable. This can then be considered as the end to one’s happiness despite of the fact that the person is continuously working for it. For that matter, it can be considered that in the quest for one’s happiness, it is important to consider needs of other people. This can then define the chief goodness or the happiness of the people (Aristotle Book 1 Chapter 2). Based on the view of Aristotle then, it is important to aim for common happiness of the people. This according to him can be undertaken through politics which he defined to apply the different fields of sciences. Due to the said fact, it can then be considered to target the good of man and inevitable the achievement of happiness. He then expressed that consequently, the application of political thoughts can lead to happiness. Socrates on the other hand expressed that the way to achieve happiness is through a virtuous life. A life of contemplation and wisdom to live beyond material issues can be considered as the main

Goldman sachs customer service controversy Research Paper

Goldman sachs customer service controversy - Research Paper Example Goldman was later on joined by his son-in-law where the firm expanded and grew into a general partnership to become Goldman, Sachs and Company. His son, Henry, was put in charge of the company’s domestic growth and Goldman, being committed to a diversified portfolio noticed a huge potential in a number of other developing industries (McGee 2010). Despite being difficult to market at the beginning these investments soon became profitable ventures only after the firm managed to convince companies to adopt stricter accounting as well as auditing procedures. Goldman, Sachs managed its very first IPO (Initial Public Offering) in the year 1906 when one of its clients, United Cigar Manufacturers announced its intention to expand (Butler 2010). Despite the fact that the Goldman, Sachs hand never managed a share offering in the course of its operation history, it became successful in marketing an estimated $4.5 million worth of the client’s stock and made United Cigar Manufactur ers qualify for trading on the New York Stock Exchange. As explained by McGee (2010) in 1998 Goldman, Sachs began to consider going public and after selling an estimated 69 million shares it officially adopted the name The Goldman Sachs Group Inc. where it named Henry Paulson, Jr. ... Its main clients include governments, private individuals as well as corporations that transact with it. Very few controversies are associated with Goldman Sachs since it was founded. However, the most famous controversy involved the leaking information on inside trading, which was done by David Brown when the company was in takeover talks. This incident happened in 1986 and Robert Freeman, a senior partner of the company was also linked to the controversy. The company has also been accused that last year it boosted its quarter earning through changing substantial writedowns in its December financial reports. This section thus looks in details some of the controversies (Recomparison, 2011). As noted by Butler, (2010) though the company is seen as the most profitable investment bank in the world in addition to being an excellent money-making machine running rings around its rivals while rewarding its high fliers with multibillion-pound bonuses, Goldman Sachs has a tendency of attracti ng controversy to a level separating it from its competitors. The most recent controversy has been in April 2010, regarding betting against a package Goldman Sachs sold to their own investors, which is believed to have been the turning point for regulators not only in the United States but around the world. At that time, the firm was already under scrutiny for having awarded year end bonuses as well as payouts to its stuff for the financial year ending 2008 upon receipt of an estimated ?6.1 billion UK bailout from the United States government, being part of the bailout toward those financial institutions worst hit by the credit crunch. From the controversy, it is said that Goldman Sachs materially gave wrong

Victorian Era Essay Example for Free

Victorian Era Essay There are several differences in the movie comparing to the actual Victorian era and Im going to state three differences. First in the movie it said that prince Albert died of typhoid at the age of 40. In the movie that was the only mentioning of illness and sickness that killed someone. In the actual Victorian era the diseases such as cholera, smallpox, typhoid fever, influenza, and tuberculosis were very common and killed millions of people in the nineteenth century. Child birth was very hazardous and many women died as a result. Second in several scenes in the movie , people were really rude and disrespectful to the queen. Queen Victorias mothers assistant was a individual that was extremely disrespectful to the Queen. He yelled at her and even laid his hands on her and pushed her. In the Victorian era the people in the household were extremely nice and polite. They were basically servants to her. They would hold her hand when she would walk up the stairs and they would always ask if the Queen needed anything at all times. Lastly in the movie , the women wore really short dresses and non collared shirts. In the Victorian era , the wealthy dresses extremely well. Women wore long dresses made of the finest cloth, with high collars to protect their skin from the sun. Unlike today, a tan was a sign that a person worked outdoors and was, therefore, lower class. In conclusion , the movie was different to the actual Victorian era because of the disease , loyalty and the fashion.

Global Business Cultural Analysis In Turkey Commerce Essay

Global Business Cultural Analysis In Turkey Commerce Essay Peculiarities of running business and transnational communications are directly related to the culture of the country. Globalization of the economy has undoubtedly become a commonly accepted phenomenon. Even small and medium businesses, wanting or not, face problems of international business relationships: be it the purchase of equipment, materials or other trade and procurement activities, search for partners or investors, not to mention the direct competition with multinational companies in their own domestic market. Larger players of market, in connection with its inevitable saturation, are forced to think about entering the international arena. All these factors make the study of culture of business relationships and international communication increasingly relevant for managers. Awareness about the peculiarities of a particular culture, the ability to consider and use these peculiarities in practice help some companies quickly and at less cost to establish relations with partners, and others to deal more effectively with rivals. The knowledge of the features of international communication is also useful for managers working in foreign companies, since they help to better adapt to a foreign environment, understand the requirements of top-management, permissible frames of conduct and, accordingly, to move faster through the ranks. Major dimensions of culture in Turkey and their influence on Turkish economy and business practices When building business relationships, finding partners for business, developing private business in the territory of another country, it is always necessary to take into account the totality of the rules of business etiquette and specificities of traditions of each cultural environment. Turkey has long been a secular state with European style of doing business, but it should be remembered that the influence of Islam, though not pronounced in recent times is reflected in some aspects of the Turkish business etiquette and bears a deep cultural meaning. Turkey combines European and Middle East traditions in the business culture, therefore common business etiquette here has some nuances which are useful to know for building successful and lasting business relationships. Lets consider these nuances. First, Turkey has a sufficiently well developed family-owned business with a clear hierarchy. Family traditions in Turkey are very important, both in life and in business (Burnaz, 2009). Second, different spheres of life in Turkey are influenced by religion. If the partners are religious people, one should keep in mind that Friday is a holy day for Muslims when they visit temple to pray, so no important business meetings and negotiations should be appointed on this day. Ramazan is a month-long sacred abstinence of all Muslims, during which one cannot eat, drink, smoke cigarettes from sunrise to sunset. This should be kept this in mind when planning a business lunch or dinner in a restaurant. During Ramazan it is better to appoint business meetings with Turkish Muslims after sunset, however, if it is possible to avoid them, it is better to postpone all negotiations until after Ramazan. Many Turkey residents leave on vacation in July or August, so the middle of summer is not the best time for negotiations and business meetings, while from October to May is the most active and fruitful period for Turkish business culture (Burnaz, 2009; OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey, 201 0). It should be remembered that as in any other country, courtesy and respect for etiquette in business in Turkey is especially important. Good personal relationships based on trust and mutual respect play a significant role in building business relationships with Turkish partners, therefore, before proceeding to business negotiations, it is necessary to show them openness and readiness for friendship and to emphasize the mutuality of benefits (Burnaz, 2009; Ararat, 2008, Gupta, 2009). Motivation in negotiating with the Turks should be clear and precise. It is very important in the process of business negotiations to clearly outline the advantages and profitability of a proposal for the Turkish side, although it is not the only thing a benefit may be expressed in for Turkish partners. Instead of profits it is recommended to focus often on such points of the transaction as increased authority and power. Respect, recognition and other intangible benefits may also have a positive impact on the outcome of business negotiations in Turkey (Gupta, 2009). Thus, understanding that Turkish culture is very different from European or American business culture is a big step in doing business in Turkey and with the Turks. It takes patience and time to learn all the ins and outs, but the Turks also show patience towards foreigners and willing to make allowances for any mistake or error in etiquette made by a foreigner. In general, Turkey is an attractive country to do business with the positive dynamics in the economy. Turkey managed to avoid large losses that might have occurred as a result of the global economic crisis of 2008-2009 (Turkey passes the crisis test, 2009). Having analyzed the economic development of Turkey for the period from 2002 to the present day, it can be argued that the state of the economy has become particularly favorable, due to the below factors (OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey, 2010; Turkey passes the crisis test, 2009; Turkey: Business environment at a glance, 2011; Aydin, 2006): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The currency reform in Turkey, 2002; reforms in social security and health care; tax reform beneficial for entrepreneurs; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ TOKÄ ° Innovations (Housing Administration Projects) gave impetus to the development of national construction companies; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ State support for small and medium-sized enterprises, which constitute 97% of the Turkish economy; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Increased economic growth in Turkey, which is largely due to the automobile industry, real estate and textile industry; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Successful investments in tourism; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Active development of the logistics sector in Europe; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ New international communications and new markets: the most promising emerging markets for Turkey are China, South Korea, India, BRIIC group, as well as markets of Pakistan and Bangladesh; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Regional and social development: 40% of the EU budget is allocated to regional development and social infrastructure; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Funding at the expense of TOBB (the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchange of Turkey); à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Development of higher education: there are already 95 public and 45 private universities in Turkey. Apart from that, the Government of the Republic of Turkey considers foreign direct investment as the driving force of economic development and prosperity of the country. Turkey has one of the most liberal legal regimes for FDI among the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Except for some sectors, businesses that are open to the private sector in Turkey are mostly open to foreign partners and investors (OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey, 2010). Nevertheless, all investors, regardless of nationality, face a number of specific obstacles characteristic of developing Eastern countries: excessive bureaucracy, slow acting justice system, high taxes, corporate governance weaknesses, sometimes unpredictability of the decisions taken at local government level, as well as frequent changes in legislation and regulatory framework (Gupta, 2009). However, foreign investment regulation, for the most part, is transparent. Turkey supports national regime, including the purchase of real estate by foreign capital companies registered in accordance with Turkish law, and in most sectors no investment audit is provided (only notification is required). The Turkish Government supports the principle of transparency with the associated nation as a precondition for the acquisition of real estate by foreigners, and imposes a limit of 2.5 hectare of property acquired by foreign individuals. Individuals cannot own more than 10% of the land in any of the areas of industrial development (Kalafatoglu, 2010; Keyman, 2005;). The maximum share of foreign equity participation is limited to 25% in broadcasting and 49% in aviation and maritime transport. Establishment of companies offering financial services including banking and insurance, as well as oil-related companies, requires special permission from the Government of Turkey for both domestic and foreign investors. In practice, regulators do not restrict foreign ownership in the financial sector: in 2005 and 2006 a series of acquisitions by foreign persons were approved, and several foreign financial companies has been operating in Turkey for a long time (Ulusoy, 2009). The privatization process in Turkey is currently going on. The Government of the Republic of Turkey privatizes the state economic enterprises through selling lots of securities, public offerings, or a combination of both. The total amount of transactions in the Turkish privatization program amounted to 8.1 billion dollars in 2006, 4.3 billion dollars in 2007, and 6.3 billion dollars in 2008. The state continues privatization process, despite the fact that the reduction of global financial flows, which began in 2008, may entail certain obstacles (Ulusoy, 2009; OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey, 2010). Bureaucratic delays used to be significant obstacles to both national and foreign companies. However, recent reforms have simplified the process of establishment of companies, reduced the requirements to obtain permits, set a single form of registration of companies and enabled individuals to register their businesses in the Union of Chambers and Commodities Exchange of Turkey. Cross-cultural analysis: business cultures of USA and Turkey Generally, two polar opposite styles of management are distinguished, and consequently, business relation cultures: American or Western and Oriental styles. They are fundamentally different in structure of collection and exchange of information, separation and segregation of duties, degree of standardization, coordination and subordination. The American system is characterized by management based on science, individualism and personal responsibility, a clear division of labor, specialization, planning based on the analysis of large amounts of quantitative information. Oriental management system is based on collective responsibility, rotation system, long-term career planning, equation of employees to the company and its customs (Burnaz, 2009; Gupta, 2009). At the same time, in line with the Western style, there has recently distinguished a pan-European, also partly inherent to Turkey as an EU member, with a simultaneous focus on economic and social indicators, such as a guaranteed opportunity for staff development, involvement of employees in decision-making process, the emphasis on favorable climate in the company (Burnaz, 2009; Gupta, 2009). However, despite the tendency to unify business methods and communication standards, we believe that the explicit differences in business culture will remain in the future. Despite the huge variety of business cultures, there are methods to predict certain aspects of behavior of representative of a certain culture. Ones of the most applicable methods are the classification of countries according to G. Hofstedes four variative characteristics reflecting basic differences of cultural values, and contextual ranking of cultures, proposed by E. Hall (Cateora, 2000). According to these theories, the USA is a notable example of a country with a high index of individualism (IDV=91), when a separate individual poorly integrates itself into the group, and strong individualistic mentality is observed with a focus on the importance of personal life and initiative. The Turkish society is rather a society where the mentality of community relations dominates, so it is based on morality, sense of duty, predominance of the interests of the collective over the individual ones, and loyalty (IDV=37) (Table 1). Another important cultural dimension is the parameter of power (hierarchical) distance. Power distance index measures the tolerance of the society towards social inequality, i.e., unequal distribution of power between superior and subordinate members of the social system. The degree of distancing shows the relation of employees to the power of managers. Turkey has a culture with a high index of power distance (PDI=66), and power in Turkey may even be inherited. Here there is a significant difference between the members of the society who are at different social levels and difference in the privileges, which are perceived by the members of the society for granted. In countries with a low power distance index, like USA (PDI=40), the reverse pattern is observed (Table 1). The next quality largely determined by culture is the control of the level of uncertainty, which shows the extent to which members of a cultural community are programmed to freedom of action in unstructured non-standard situations. In this aspect, the USA and Turkey also hold totally different positions. As a country with high uncertainty avoidance index, Turkey (UAI=85) is less resistant to stress, more concerned with security issues and following the rules, which leads to poor perception of change and slow adaptation to new ideas. USA is characterized by culture with low UAI (UAI=46) associated with greater mobility, willingness to take risks, innovation, tendency to rely on knowledge, rather than absolute knowledge (Table 1). Moreover, the USA is rather a country described by Hofstede as the country with masculinity behavior (MAS=62), i.e. dominance, encouragement to competition, high demands, desire for career achievements and entrepreneurship, greed and passion for capital accumulation, lack of caring about others. In contrast, though attached now to the European community, Turkey still belongs to femininity pattern (MAS=45) and the prevailing values are humility and altruism, gender equality, emphasis on serving people, mutual aid (Table 1). Table 1. Indexing USA and Turkey depending on cultural values by Hofstede. Country IDV Ranking by IDV* PDI Ranking by PDI UAI Ranking by UAI MAS Ranking by MAS USA 91 1 40 38 46 43 62 15 Turkey 37 28 66 18/19 85 16/17 45 32/33 * Classification among 53 countries of the world, by 2000. (Cateora, 2000) In addition to the parameters identified by Hofstede, the predominant and characteristic of the culture type of communication is of great importance in the typology of business cultures. On this parameter, all nations can be ranked by the degree of cultural contextuality. Recent studies have revealed a high correlation between high/low-contextuality and the Hofstedes indices of individualism/collectivism, and hierarchical level of distancing (Cateora, 2000). Thus, low-context American culture shares relatively low hierarchical differences and high level of individualism. On the contrary, high-context Muslim culture is typically characterized by a significant difference between the hierarchical levels and low levels of individualism. Therefore, the majority of modern managers, employees of international companies, are more effective in countries with the low-context language, since they are relying on the reports, contracts and other acts documented in writing. But even in low-context cultures, communication is largely dependent on cultural differences (Cateora, 2000; Gupta, 2009). High-context cultures require a considerable period of time before starting the business part of the relationship, because future partners must get to know each other for joint business. For example, if one cannot find time and desire to drink coffee and talk about abstract topics, one cannot advance to the business part of the conversation (Cateora, 2000; Gupta, 2009). Another indicator is the source of power and level of authority, which is a direct consequence of the level of the hierarchical distance, as it combines the effect of the power structure in business with the status and position of manager in the community, depending on the size of the company, publicity, type of property, and cultural values. In Turkey, the decisions are mainly made exclusively by the head of the company, who prefers to deal only with senior executives of other companies. Business here is not between companies or divisions, but between individuals. The latter also means that in case of leadership changes from one side or another, the achieved agreements may lose their power, if trust relationships arent re-established between new top executives of companies. Besides, the decentralized system, common for the U.S., enables managers at various levels to make decisions relevant to their functions, which is not common for Turkey (Ararat, 2008; Gupta, 2009). Thus, the obvious conclusion is that it is necessary for the authoritarian cultures as well as companies with a decentralized power structure to correctly determine the decision-makers, while working with companies in which decisions are taken by consensus, it is important to convince each member of the committee or group. Peculiarities of conducting business in Turkey Business in Turkey is quite difficult to arrange. But the results of registration of the business in Turkey and certain investments can be easily recouped. Peculiarities of doing business in Turkey determine such things as sale and purchase, opening bank accounts, tax system, offshore, ready business, small business and profitability of big business. In general, 2011 will be very important for Turkey. In June, the general election will be held. The current government has been successful in many areas of the economy; although some serious problems still remain. Therefore, opposition political parties should form new political-economic strategies with respect to the above areas. Turkey has to achieve significant economic growth, reduce unemployment, ensure social justice, and resolve tax issues. If it is done succeeds, it will be able to join the BRIIC (Kalafatoglu, 2010; OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey, 2010). The Government of Turkey since 2001 has been implementing a comprehensive program designed to accelerate all the procedures related to investments and attract more direct foreign capital into the country. The national body, the Coordinating Council for the Improvement of the Investment Environment (YOIKK) provides methodological support in this issue. In addition, in 2004 the Investment Advisory Council for Turkey (IAC) was established, whose recommendations serve as a guide for YOIKK, and activities undertaken within the Councils recommendations are published in annual reports of the Treasury of Turkey on the activities of IAC (Keyman, 2005). The government continues to implement legislative reforms, some of which are aimed at attracting foreign investment to Turkey. The draft of National Legislative Network, a project of automation and integration completed the process of developing the technical infrastructure in 2008, designed to accelerate the execution of business cases by facilitating the transfer of documents and transcripts of court proceedings and give the opportunity to file an application online. In addition, the government simplified the access of foreign investors to justice, including legal advice and Alternative Dispute Resolution, supported by the U.S., EU and World Bank (Turkey: Business environment at a glance, 2011; Kalafatoglu, 2010). Turkey made the tax system more convenient for investors as well. In 2006 the basic rate of income tax was reduced from 30 to 20%. The government also cancelled the income tax for foreign investors who own bonds, notes and shares, preserving it for bank deposits and repurchase transactions. In 2007 tax administration established a division designed to manage taxes collection from large corporations (Keyman, 2005). However, the Government of Turkey has not yet managed to implement further tax reforms, including reducing the tax on wages, which is one of the highest among OECD members. The Turkish Government also increased the VAT on leasing transactions from 1 to 18% in 2007. Special consumption tax on alcoholic beverages in 2008 reached 275.6% with the minimum requirements for special tax based on market prices of products (Ulusoy, 2008). Turkish laws affecting the investment climate continues to develop. It guarantees freedom of transfer of profits, fees and royalties and repatriation of capital. This guarantee is reflected in the bilateral investment treaties between Turkey and the United States in 1986, and in some similar agreements, which regulate the unlimited and proper handling of all funds related to investment in a freely convertible currency in the self-regulating market (Treaties and Agreements, Turkey-United States, 1986). Turkey is a member of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Turkey also ratified the Convention Establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) in 1987. Turkish law provides the confirmation of international arbitration execution of investment disputes between foreign investors and the state. Turkeys is also a member of the WTO Agreement on Trade Related Investment Measures (TRIMS) (Keyman, 2005; Ulusoy, 2008). Turkey investment stimuli system was significantly improved in 2006 to support manufacturing industry, energy sector, and export. General regime of investment incentives suggests tax benefits and, in some cases, the possibility of lending. Turkish Treasury also regulates some issues regarding interest rates on investment loans for small and medium enterprises, RD projects, environmental protection, as well as projects in 50 provinces, where the annual income per capita is below 1500 U.S. dollars. For such provinces, the law provides income tax incentives, social insurance benefits, free land and reduced electricity cost up to 20-50% (Ulusoy, 2009; OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey, 2010). In RD sphere, Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and Technology Development Foundation of Turkey (TTGV) deal with reimbursements for RD and capital borrowing. Projects that get such benefits include development concepts, technology research, technical feasibility evaluation, concept-to-design laboratory researches, samples study, test products production, experimental facilities construction, product testing, patent research and design problems solutions. In addition to these incentives, the Government of Turkey provides support for technological development zones, which involves the creation of infrastructure and production facilities, exemption from taxes, VAT, income taxes and revenues, and from customs duties for special IT-sector. Moreover, export stimulating program is focused on RD, market research, and participation in international exhibitions and fairs. In Turkey, no technical requirements for the beginning, implementation and expansion of investment projects are provided. There are also no restrictions to the acquisition by investors of goods from national sources and exporting specific percentage of products. Investors access to foreign currency does not affect exports. There are also no restrictions for domestic companies to own shares of foreign investors for the fact that the proportion of foreign shares will be gradually reduced or investor will transfer its technology on certain terms. There are also no conditions established by the state in terms of the permission to invest, including the location in specialized geographic areas, specific percentage of national resources for the production of goods and services, national shares packages, import substitution, export requirements, employment of the population the investor technically located in, technology transfer and financing from national sources (Ulusoy, 2008; Ulusoy, 200 9; OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey, 2010). The Government of the Republic of Turkey does not force investors to disclose proprietary information or any other kind of information different from the publicly available one during the process of obtaining permission from the supervisory authority. Companies with foreign capital are to send a report on their activities, submitted to the General Assembly of shareholders, the auditors report, and balance sheet in the Foreign Investment Department of the Treasury annually in May. Except for issues relating to openness to foreign investment and transparency of the system of regulation, Turkey provides all the rights, benefits, deductions and privileges available to national capital and companies, as well as foreign capital and companies on the basis of most favored nation regime (for selected countries). For example, American and other foreign firms can participate in publicly funded programs and programs of subsidizing research and development on the basis of national treatment. The Government of the Republic of Turkey has adopted policies and laws that, for the most part, should promote free competition and transparency in business. However, foreign companies in some sectors complain that the regulations are not transparent and understandable from time to time. One should keep in mind that Turkey is an observer, but not a member of World Trade Organisations Commission on Government Procurement. However, Turkey is an actively developing country, which tries to keep pace on all the contemporary European and American innovations. One of the most perspective areas in Turkey is internet and mobile commerce. For instance, recent researches show that mobile marketing has acquired great popularity with the development of technology SMS since 2000 in Europe and different parts of Asia. Over the past few years SMS-messages have become a major advertising channel in Turkey, and many experts even tend to view Turkey as an innovator in mobile marketing (Demirbag, 2008). The vivid example of this success is the experience of the Turkish branch of Pepsi, which in the last 3 years has been one of the most active players using mobile marketing tools. To date, according to the data of Pepsi Turkey, the level of participation in promotional campaigns conducted by the department is the highest in the category. The company uses mobile technologies, because it considers them more effective than TV tool to provide an opportunity for interactive communication with Turkish consumers. One of the campaigns introduced by Pepsi offered consumers wallpapers and ringtones, including the famous song Da Da Da. Over the course of a promotional campaign, users downloaded more than 200,000 ringtones (Tsalikis, 2009). Turkish companies (like Finansbank, BP, FritoLay) proved that simplicity and possibility of immediate gratification are of great importance for the Turkish consumer, and the mobile channel can provide this effect (Demirbag, 2008). In general, the trust of Turkish consumers continues to rise since February 2010, reaching 85.8. This is the highest level over the past 14 months (OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey, 2010). According to the report published by the Institute of Statistics of Turkey in 2010 jointly with the Central Bank of Turkey, the index of consumer confidence amounting to 85.8 points is the highest mark since February of 2009 when it amounted to 87.60% (Tsalikis, 2009). The index started to rise since November 2009, after reaching a record low value of 78.38 points. If the index exceeds 100, it means that consumers are optimistic, and if it equals to 100, it means that consumers are neither optimistic, nor pessimistic, but if the index is below 100, it indicates pessimistic consumers (Aydin, 2006). The report determines the growth of the index of consumer confidence through the increase of the purchasing power of consumers in the current and future period, the general state of the economy and employme nt opportunities in the coming quarter. Conclusion The research has shown that Turkey is characterized by the specific business culture, experiencing the influence of European Union, USA, and its Asian partners. Belonging rather to eastern patterns of business culture, Turkey differs much form the United States in the major cultural indicators, such as indices of power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and type of business behavior (masculinity vs. femininity). However, in recent years, Turkey demonstrates high indicators of economy growth, openness to reforms, laws adjustments and democratic investment policy, which makes Turkey a favorable business partner. In addition, Turkish policy and legislation on labor, health and safety do not impede investment, although legal restrictions on firing workers may create obstacles to labor-intensive activities in the formal economy. The specific tax policy sometimes hinders investment decisions, e.g. high taxation of beverages, similar to Coca-Cola, hinders investment in the sector. However, serious tax incentives for free trade zones provide incentives to invest in these zones. Similarly, incentives for investment in certain low-income provinces are designed to increase investments in these areas. Nowadays, international credit rating agencies insist that the investment level of the Turkish economy is still not high, but markets do not express much concern. Credit default swaps insuring Turkish securities against default for 5 years, are estimated at 1.84%. And while the Eurozone is struggling with budget deficits, Turkey states huge budget surplus due to the growth of tax revenues. Turkey is considered to be a country of investment grade in the market of credit default swaps after its dollar-denominated bonds started to exceed the bonds of developing countries in Europe largely due to accelerated economic growth. According to preliminary estimates of the Government, the economy of Turkey grew in first quarter by 12%, which allowed the Prime Minister of Turkey to claim that Turkeys credit rating wont be reduced in the coming 6-10 months. Generally, the country retains the trend towards improvement of economic performance, development and innovation, which opens new perspectives for foreign investment, collaboration and partnership.

The Merchant Of Venice: Portias Suitors :: essays research papers

Compare and contrast Portia’s three suitors, examining their characters Shakespeare highlights three of Portia’s suitors, the Prince of Morocco, the Prince of Arragon and Bassanio. He does this to heighten dramatic tension, as these three men are the most important candidates to win Portia’s hand in marriage. They reveal the contents of the three caskets and their different characters as exposed as being proud, vain and humble. They also emphasise the racial prejudices of Venice a place where many races clash. Their attitudes towards the caskets and their choices indicate what their character is like. This essay will compare and contrast the three suitors and will explore how Shakespeare influences the audience’s attitudes towards the three men. The Prince of Morocco is the first suitor of the three suitors we are introduced to. His first line is, ‘Mislike me not for my complexion’ (Act II Scene i) He is anxious to compensate for the colour of his skin. He shows himself to be ashamed and insecure. However his character is proud because after he remarks on his skin colour he proceeds to defend it and boasts about himself, ‘ ...this aspect of mine/ Hath fear’d the valiant†¦The best regarded virgins of our clime/Have lov’d it too...’ (Act II Scene i) He challenges Portia to compare his blood with the whitest of men to see whose is the reddest. ‘Bring me the fairest creature†¦And let us make incision for your love/ To prove whose blood is reddest, or mine.’ (Act II Scene i) This would be a way to suggest that Morocco was as noble as any white man was because red blood signified courage and virility. A lot of emphasis is placed on Morocco’s skin colour. His long-winded speeches full of false and extravagant praise makes him sound insincere, ‘†¦all the world desires her; /From all corners of the earth they come,/ To kiss this shrine, this mortal breathing saint:’ (Act II Scene vii) In contrast his exit is short and dignified, in total disparity to his entrance and long speeches before choosing a casket. ‘†¦I have too griev’d a heart /To take a tedious leave: leave losers part.’ (Act II Scene vii) This indicates he does not easily accept defeat. He explains his thoughts on each of the caskets as he reads the inscriptions on them. He says the lead casket is not worth hazarding everything for and quickly dismisses it. When he comes to the silver casket he comments, The Merchant Of Venice: Portias Suitors :: essays research papers Compare and contrast Portia’s three suitors, examining their characters Shakespeare highlights three of Portia’s suitors, the Prince of Morocco, the Prince of Arragon and Bassanio. He does this to heighten dramatic tension, as these three men are the most important candidates to win Portia’s hand in marriage. They reveal the contents of the three caskets and their different characters as exposed as being proud, vain and humble. They also emphasise the racial prejudices of Venice a place where many races clash. Their attitudes towards the caskets and their choices indicate what their character is like. This essay will compare and contrast the three suitors and will explore how Shakespeare influences the audience’s attitudes towards the three men. The Prince of Morocco is the first suitor of the three suitors we are introduced to. His first line is, ‘Mislike me not for my complexion’ (Act II Scene i) He is anxious to compensate for the colour of his skin. He shows himself to be ashamed and insecure. However his character is proud because after he remarks on his skin colour he proceeds to defend it and boasts about himself, ‘ ...this aspect of mine/ Hath fear’d the valiant†¦The best regarded virgins of our clime/Have lov’d it too...’ (Act II Scene i) He challenges Portia to compare his blood with the whitest of men to see whose is the reddest. ‘Bring me the fairest creature†¦And let us make incision for your love/ To prove whose blood is reddest, or mine.’ (Act II Scene i) This would be a way to suggest that Morocco was as noble as any white man was because red blood signified courage and virility. A lot of emphasis is placed on Morocco’s skin colour. His long-winded speeches full of false and extravagant praise makes him sound insincere, ‘†¦all the world desires her; /From all corners of the earth they come,/ To kiss this shrine, this mortal breathing saint:’ (Act II Scene vii) In contrast his exit is short and dignified, in total disparity to his entrance and long speeches before choosing a casket. ‘†¦I have too griev’d a heart /To take a tedious leave: leave losers part.’ (Act II Scene vii) This indicates he does not easily accept defeat. He explains his thoughts on each of the caskets as he reads the inscriptions on them. He says the lead casket is not worth hazarding everything for and quickly dismisses it. When he comes to the silver casket he comments,

The Assassin Strikes Again

Once there lived a man named Jack. Every day he woke up refreshed and renewed. Jack started the day by having a nice big stretch, and then he did 100 press-ups. He took a cold shower and brushed his teeth with Sensodyne Jack dressed him self in casual clothes and left for work. Jack has a usual profession. He is hired by rich and powerful people to murder the innocent and honest. Jack became an assassin when he was a teenager. During his childhood he had been kind, generous and helpful boy. One day he was walking home with his friends. Jack's friends suggested that they should go through the alley because it was a shortcut home. Jack agreed and so did the others. They walked through the dark, deep and frightening alley, then they saw a gang of bullies in the alley but they decided not to run. It was a bad decision. The biggest bully started straight away on Jack's smallest friend Mark. Jack consumed with anger, picked up a iron bar and whacked it down violently on the bully's head â€Å"Ahhhh† Jack yelled ferociously, the bullies terrified ran away as fast as they could Jack kept on hitting and hitting the bully until he could not move a muscle. His shocked friends knew he had killed him. They ran way in different directions. The police arrived. Jack ran as fast as he could, until he was out of breath, Even now he's still running and running away from the Police. News travelled fast and within months rich and powerful people were begging Jack to kill their enemies. During a few years Jack was responsible for 15 deaths of innocent people. He was there offered one million pounds to murderer a man called Tom Matthews by his former friend Reece Jones. Tom and Reece had been best friends. Tom was a kind, generous and an intelligent man. Tom had a beautiful wife names Angela. They had just got married three months ago; Tom had joined Reece's company shortly before. Every day he dressed in a black suit and went off early in the morning to work. He was on time every day and ready to go. Tom had a poor family back ground and was determined to make best of his chances. Reece had a wealthy back ground and was always wasting money on gambling. He was always late for work, Reece was very jealous of Tom. One day Tom got promoted to Assistant Manager, Reece was so furious he said â€Å"that's it! I will have Tom murdered!† When he finished work, he rushed home to call an assassin and arranged a meeting outside an abandoned house. He gave Tom's details and his picture to Jack. Reece paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100, 000 in advance the rest to follow when the job was done. Jack researched Tom's lifestyle carefully and worked out when Tom would be alone. It was when he went through the junk yard as a shortcut to his home. Jack planned the murder methodically. He would use a rifle with a silencer to shoot him. On May 17th 2004 the plan took action. First he would pretend he was being attacked by a vicious gang He would run up to Tom and beg for his help and say â€Å"I am being attacked by a vicious gang who are trying to murder me.† Tom was driving on the way home from work, feeling tired and sleepy when he was driving through the junk yard, a man rushed in front of his car, Tom stepped as hard as he could on the brake Tom stormed out of his car and asked mysterious man â€Å"Are you Ok† the strange man replied â€Å"no I am not I am being chased by a vicious gang who want to murder me†. The stranger wore a black leather coat and a woollen knitted scarf covering him from the misty fog and cold. The man told Tom he was delivering a package and was shocked when he saw a gang of teenagers brutally murdering an innocent man. Tom went a few steps ahead to see whether he could locate the gang. Jack took out his rifle from his right coat pocket and pointed it at when Tom looked at Jack with astonishment and a fear of death, Jack shot Tom with no hesitation or any mercy the bullet tore through the muscles as it went for the heart of Tom. Tom could see the blood was red As a red paint. Tom could see the blood on Jacks shoes as he fell on to the ground as he was falling he repeatedly asked â€Å"why†, â€Å"why† When he fell on to the ground there was silence. Jack made Tom's murder seem like an accident he put Tom into the car and drove Tom off the cliff. The next day Jack received the full payment from Reece. As Jack was reading the news paper, he saw that Tom's death made the front page. Seeing Tom's wife's picture made him realise that Tom's wife was the girl he loved when he was in school. After thinking for several hours he came up with the decision that he should surrender to the police. The next day he stood in front of the police station thinking should I surrender to the police or not.